鄧育昀醫生
港大醫學院臨床醫學學院
矯形及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
正常的脊柱從正面看時應該是筆直的,如果脊椎骨出現向左或右的側向彎曲,有可能已經患上脊柱側彎。脊柱側彎是常見的脊柱畸形,通常透過X光片測量脊柱側彎角來診斷。當角度大於10度及伴有椎體旋轉,即為脊柱側彎。
脊柱側彎常見類型包括原發性、先天性、神經肌肉性,或伴隨其他綜合症。原發性脊柱側彎是最常見的脊柱側彎,佔70%至80%,多病發於青少年,所以亦叫青少年脊柱側彎。這種脊柱側彎的病因不明,可能與遺傳、激素等因素有關。青少年脊柱側彎的發病率大概是3%至4%,慶幸的是大部分的度數都只是屬於輕微。
家長可以觀察孩子的雙肩、肩胛骨、腰部等部位是否對稱。如果發現外觀異常,可以進一步進行前屈試驗——孩子雙足併攏,雙手向前伸直彎腰,家長從後觀察孩子的背部。如果發現背部有不對稱隆起,建議找醫生作進一步檢查是否存在脊柱側彎。
治療脊柱側彎取決於側彎角度、類型及患者發育程度,目標是控制情況惡化並改善外觀。常見的治療方法包括觀察、物理治療、腰架及手術。若骨骼未成熟且側彎達20至30度,通常會建議佩戴腰架,以防惡化,並須佩戴至骨骼成熟為止。若側彎超過40至50度或持續變差,可能需要接受手術治療,如脊柱融合、非融合微創手術及生長棒等,各具適用範圍,醫生會根據具體情況決定合適的治療方案。
家長日常可多留意孩子的姿勢與背部變化,並鼓勵保持良好坐姿與適量運動。若須定期覆診或佩戴腰架,家長的支持能提升治療的依從性。一旦發現疑似的脊柱側彎,應及早安排檢查,才能掌握最佳的治療時機並降低惡化風險。
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© 2026 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2026 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.