醫健寶庫系列
忻振凱醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
髖關節是指位於盆骨和股骨(大腿骨)之間的關節,俗稱「大髀骹」。它是人體中第二大的關節,擁有良好的活動度和穩定性,對於人的運動行走至關重要。長者間常見的髖關節問題包括股骨骨折、關節炎等。嬰兒中的髖關節問題則有先天性髖關節發育不良。
很多長者因骨質疏鬆問題而導致股骨骨折(包括股骨頸和轉子間骨折),骨科醫生多以復位內固定或關節置換處理患者的骨折問題。常見的內固定方法有空心螺釘或髓內釘。如果骨折移位太多或病人年齡太大,醫生可能會選擇半髖或全髖關節置換。
關節炎,包括股骨頭缺血性壞死(骨枯)及退化性關節炎,亦是困擾不少長者的髖關節問題,治療方法為全髖關節置換術。髖關節炎患者大多數的症狀是腹股溝(大髀內側)疼痛,醫生一般用X光即可診斷。如情況嚴重及保守治療無效,可以選擇全髖關節置換。醫生會用人工關節取代退化發炎的髖關節,手術後病人絕大多數都能復原。
先天性髖關節發育不良(先天髖)是指嬰兒出生時因先天因素導致髖臼和股骨發育不良,伴隨半脫位或全脫位,情況較為罕見,病嬰一般不會有疼痛。現時香港嬰兒出生後均會接受身體檢查,排除先天髖的可能性。如初步檢查發現有異常,醫生會為嬰兒照超聲波或進行X光檢查,以便確診及安排治療。
<刊載於《東方日報》,2015年11月21日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.